Reliability & Validity

Science is the Foundation of Our Reputation

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The reliability and validity of an employment assessment are critically important. Reliability and validity are the statistical criteria used to assess whether an assessment is a good measure. Below are select findings from Birkman criterion-related validity:

• Self-awareness improves ¹
• Vocational interests stable from adolescence ²
• Group differences ³
• Likelihood of staying at job (predicts turnover) ⁴
• Work performance ⁴
• Success in hiring managers ⁴
• Work satisfaction increases ⁵
• Selection improved by 20 percent across multiple organizations ⁶

¹ Maxwell et al, 2016; ² Wadlington, Elizondo, & Wadlington, 2012; ³ Sema, Weise, & Simo, 2019; ⁴ Larkey, 2003; ⁵ Birkman et al, 2008; ⁶ Mefferd, 1972

White Papers and Technical Sheets

We provide unparalleled behavioral insights with our scientific validation and history, the ability to report on hidden behavioral needs, focus on positive psychology, and in-depth reporting options. Understand the science behind The Birkman Method by downloading our white papers and technical papers below.

Publications

The research and development department at Birkman is respected not only by users of The Birkman Method® but also by our peers in the psychology and behavioral assessment fields. Our team members have written articles featured in many peer-reviewed academic journals and have spoken at prominent industry conferences using Birkman research, including the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP).

Listed below are a few of the many instances of Birkman’s research-based thought leadership within our field.

• Birkman Fink, Sharon. (2020). Creatures of Contact. ForbesBooks. ISBN 978-1946633446.
• De Filippis, R. T. (2018). On Coaching with The Birkman Method. Booklocker.com, Inc. ISBN 978-1632637826.
• Huang, J. L., Bramble, R. J., Liu, M., Aqwa, J. J., Ott-Holland, C. J., Ryan, A. M., Lounsbury, J. W., Elizondo, F., Wadlington, P. L. (2015). Rethinking the association between extraversion and job satisfaction: The role of interpersonal job context. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
• Birkman, Roger, Elizondo, F., Lee, L. G., Wadlington, P. W., Zamzow, M. (2008). The Birkman Method Manual. Birkman International Inc. ISBN 978-0-981709901.
• Ott-Holland, C., Huang, J. L., Ryan, A. M., Elizondo, F., & Wadlington, P. L. (2014). The effects of culture and gender on perceived self-other similarity in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 53, 13-21.
• Nillsen, C., Earl, J. K., Elizondo, F., & Wadlington, P. L. (2014). Do birds of a feather flock together? An examination of calling, congruence, job design and personality as predictors of job satisfaction and tenure. Journal of Belief and Values, 35(1), 10-24.
• Birkman Fink, Sharon & Capparell, Stephanie. (2013). The Birkman Method: Your Personality at Work. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-20701-7 (cloth); ISBN 978-1-118-41937-3 (ebk).
• Ott-Holland, C., Huang, J. L., Ryan, A. M., Elizondo, F., & Wadlington, P. L. (2013). Culture and vocational interests: The moderating role of collectivism and gender egalitarianism. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(4), 569-581.
• Charles, C. R. (2012). The Magic of The Method: How the Birkman Profile Can Be Your Power Source for Success. Strategic Solutions International, Inc.
• Wadlington, E., Elizondo, F., & Wadlington, P. L. (2012). Working with adolescents more productively. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 16(2), 74-79.
• Wadlington, E., & Wadlington, P. L. (2011). Teacher dispositions: Implications for teacher education. Childhood Education, 87(5), 323-326.
• Birkman, R. W., Elizondo, F., Lee, L. G., Wadlington, P. L., & Zamzow, M. W. (2008).The Birkman Method Manual®. Houston, TX: Birkman International, Inc.
• Bernstein, A. B., (2006). The Birkman Reader. Houston, TX: Birkman International, Inc.
• Birkman, Roger. (2002). A Man of Understanding. Houston 2002. ASIN B0018E5AJS.
• Birkman, Roger. (1995). True Colors. Thomas Nelson Inc. ISBN 0-7852-7856-7.

Presentations

• Nillsen, C., Earl, J. K., Elizondo, F., & Wadlington, P. L. (2013, July). Do birds of a feather flock together? Do opposites attract? Or is it just about chemistry? An examination of complementary versus supplementary P-E fit as predictors of job satisfaction. Proceedings of the tenth biennial Industrial and Organisational Psychology conference, Perth, Australia.
• Elizondo, F., & Wadlington, P. L. (2013, April). Who likes their work? Work satisfaction across US job families. Poster presented at the twenty eighth annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Houston, Texas.
• Elizondo, F., & Wadlington, P. L. (2013, April). Stability of personality and occupational interests in pre-work samples. Poster presented at the twenty-eighth annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Houston, Texas.
• Wadlington, P. L., & Elizondo, F. (2012, June). The association of teacher individual differences with likelihood of burnout. Poster session presented at the third biennial meeting of the Institute of Work Psychology, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
• Ott-Holland, C., Huang, J. L., Ryan, A. M., Wadlington, P. L., & Elizondo, F. (2012, April). I do what I want: Personality-interest congruence across cultures. Poster presented at the twenty seventh annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Diego, California.
• Ott-Holland, C., Huang, J. L., Ryan, A. M., Wadlington, P. L., & Elizondo, F. (2012, April). You and I are not alike: Culture and perceived similarity. Poster presented at the twenty seventh annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Diego, California.
• Wadlington, P. L., & Elizondo, F. (2012, April). Generational effects on occupational interests using The Birkman Method (TBM). In K. D. Meyer (Chair), Do values really differ by generation? A multi-assessment review.Symposium conducted at the twenty seventh annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Diego, California.
• Wadlington, P. L., Wadlington, E. M., & Elizondo, F. (2011, June). Personality and teaching style. Poster session presented at the second biennial meeting of the Association for Research in Personality, Riverside, California.
• Wadlington, P. L. (2011, April). In K. D. Meyer (Chair), International leadership development through the use of personality assessments. Panel discussion conducted at the twenty sixth annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chicago, Illinois.
• Elizondo, F., & Wadlington, P. L. (2011, January). The role of “perceptions of others” in personality measurement. Poster session presented at the twelfth annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, Texas.
• Elizondo, F., & Wadlington, P. L. (2010, April). Mental ability assessment in the workplace: A unified model with empirical support. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the British Psychological Society, Stratford-upon-Avon, United Kingdom.
• Wadlington, P. L., Rudner, L. M., Bondorowicz, S., Talento-Miller, E., Elizondo, F., & Ott-Holland, C. (2010, April). Measurement decision theory: Theory, validation, and application. Paper presented at the twenty fifth annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Atlanta, Georgia.
• Wadlington, P. L., Elizondo, F., & Ott-Holland, C. (2010, February). Making classification decisions using measurement decision theory: A career classification study. In L. M. Rudner (Chair), Making classification decisions using measurement decision theory. Symposium conducted at the eleventh annual meeting of the Association of Test Publishers, Orlando, Florida.